We are told that prior to European contact North America was a territory defined by its emptiness: a space without human mark, a fallow continent, devoid of evidence of human occupation and meaning. Yet, beneath the settler-colonial ploughs, pierced by the land surveyors’ monuments and shrouded by cities and fields, a vast network of Native American mounds predate European contact. Standing as silent witnesses to millennia of settlement in North America, as evidence of being and meaning, they put to rest this narrative of absence. However, alongside the burial, effigy, and temple mounds are our present-day forms: The slag heaps, landfills, and sundry detritus of an anthropogenic landscape humans make when we aren’t thinking about making landscapes. Significant and Insignificant Mounds looks to read these two landscapes across one another in order to complicate our understandings of authenticity, meaning, and form.